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当我们使用 curl 命令访问网站的时候,有时候可能会得到一个 SSL 证书错误:
这是因为在默认情况下,cURL 使用 SSL 证书进行连接,如果指定的网站配置错误或证书过期,则会引发错误。
下面我们看一下如何忽略其中的 SSL 证书错误。
一般来说,直接忽略错误然后继续连接故障网站是不推荐的。但是如果你信任该网站,那就可以。
使用 curl 的时候,附带 --insecure 选项可以忽略 ssl 证书错误,如下代码:
$ curl https://expired.badssl.com curl: (60) SSL certificate problem: certificate has expired More details here: https://curl.se/docs/sslcerts.html curl failed to verify the legitimacy of the server and therefore could not establish a secure connection to it. To learn more about this situation and how to fix it, please visit the web page mentioned above.
另外,也可以使用 -k 选项,其与 --insecure 的效果是相同的:
注意:除非在隔离或测试环境下可以执行此操作,否则不建议这样做。
你可以使用如下命令将 insecure 添加到 curl 配置文件中:
echo "insecure" >> ~/.curlrc
然后,在不使用 --insecure 选项的情况下,再次直接使用 curl 连接 html地址,也是可以成功的:
如果某个指定的网站配置错误或证书过期,而使用 wget 命令下载该网站中的文件时,也会出现 SSL 证书错误:
$ wget https://expired.badssl.com --2022-11-17 14:35:55-- https://expired.badssl.com/ Resolving expired.badssl.com (expired.badssl.com)... 104.154.89.105 Connecting to expired.badssl.com (expired.badssl.com)|104.154.89.105|:443... connected. ERROR: cannot verify expired.badssl.com's certificate, issued by ‘CN=COMODO RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA,O=COMODO CA Limited,L=Salford,ST=Greater Manchester,C=GB’: Issued certificate has expired. To connect to expired.badssl.com insecurely, use `--no-check-certificate'.
默认情况下,wget会检查有效的SSL证书,以便您可以建立可靠的连接,如果没有,则会抛出一个错误,表示颁发的证书已过期。
要忽略 ssl 错误,可以使用 --no-check-certificate 选项,让它不检查 ssl 证书:
$ wget --no-check-certificate https://expired.badssl.com --2022-11-17 15:18:07-- https://expired.badssl.com/ Resolving expired.badssl.com (expired.badssl.com)... 104.154.89.105 Connecting to expired.badssl.com (expired.badssl.com)|104.154.89.105|:443... connected. WARNING: cannot verify expired.badssl.com's certificate, issued by ‘CN=COMODO RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA,O=COMODO CA Limited,L=Salford,ST=Greater Manchester,C=GB’: Issued certificate has expired. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 494 [text/html] Saving to: ‘index.html.1’ index.html.1 100%[===================>] 494 --.-KB/s in 0s 2022-11-17 15:18:08 (209 MB/s) - ‘index.html.1’ saved [494/494]
要在每次访问损坏的 SSL 站点的时候跳过证书检查,只需要在 wget 配置文件中添加 check-certificate = off 即可,这样在访问的时候就可以不添加 --no-check-certificate 选项了:
$ wget https://expired.badssl.com --2022-11-17 15:41:50-- https://expired.badssl.com/ Resolving expired.badssl.com (expired.badssl.com)... 104.154.89.105 Connecting to expired.badssl.com (expired.badssl.com)|104.154.89.105|:443... connected. WARNING: cannot verify expired.badssl.com's certificate, issued by ‘CN=COMODO RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA,O=COMODO CA Limited,L=Salford,ST=Greater Manchester,C=GB’: Issued certificate has expired. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 494 [text/html] Saving to: ‘index.html.2’ index.html.2 100%[===================>] 494 --.-KB/s in 0s 2022-11-17 15:41:51 (191 MB/s) - ‘index.html.2’ saved [494/494]